2027 budget: nearly a trillion zlotys, but 80% of spending already locked in

State spending in 2027 is projected to approach a trillion zlotys — almost twice the 2023 level. As much as 80% of the budget was predetermined before anyone sat down to write it, because mandatory spending dominates: pensions, social benefits, health care, defense and debt interest. The finance minister has less and less room to shape the budget, creating a paradox: the bigger the budget, the less space for real government decisions. Experts warn this trend will deepen.

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