Why France and Britain failed to launch an offensive against Germany in September 1939
Britain and France declared war on Germany on 3 September 1939 but never launched the offensive Poland was counting on under their alliance commitments. France conducted only a limited operation in the Saar region, withdrawing troops before the end of September. Western commanders feared massive casualties against fortified German lines, and their armies were not ready for rapid action; analysts assess that a Western offensive might have prolonged Poland's campaign but not necessarily changed its outcome.
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