Europa's Ocean May Not Reach the Surface — Complicating the Hunt for Life
Jupiter's moon Europa, home to a vast hidden ocean beneath its ice shell, has long been considered one of the solar system's best candidates for habitable conditions. Scientists had hoped that water could rise through cracks to form shallow subsurface reservoirs accessible to future spacecraft. New simulations dash those hopes, showing that turbulent water rapidly loses heat, freezes into ice crystals, and clogs the fractures — sometimes within hours.
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