FDA approved Zyn nicotine pouches without knowing their full composition

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Four years into the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s review of Zyn nicotine pouches, and not long before the agency approved them for sale, an FDA toxicologist ran some informal tests in her kitchen that led her to question whether the agency truly understood the addictive product it was about to green-light.

Christy Leppanen worked for the FDA’s Center for Tobacco Products, where she led a project examining the potential for microplastics exposure. A scientist who had worked on an environmental assessment of Zyn had repeatedly told her that the nicotine pouches melt in the mouth. But during a public health conference in late 2024, Leppanen said, she talked to an academic who reinforced her understanding that they don’t.

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