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The Fast & Furious franchise is one of the most successful in modern cinema history. In total, the franchise has earned just shy of $7.5 billion in total revenue across 21 years and 11 movies , making for an average of $680 million per film. This is all the more impressive considering the opening title in the franchise, 2001's The Fast and the Furious , made just $206 million worldwide, which dropped as low as $157 million for the third installment. However, come 2015's Furious 7 — and largely due to the sad death of star Paul Walker during production — a Fast & Furious movie was earning over $1.5 billion in global revenue.

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Scientists say they have built a "synthetic cell" that can eat, grow and divide in a way that's remarkably similar to living cells.

The research, released to the preprint database bioRxiv July 2, has not been peer-reviewed yet. It introduces SpudCell, a new type of artificial cell, and marks a striking step toward creating living cells from scratch. But for study co-author Kate Adamala , a synthetic biologist at the University of Minnesota, that's far from the most interesting part of the work.

"I do not believe [SpudCell] is alive," Adamala told Live Science. Instead, she describes the system as a framework that could generate "all the chemicals we need for our civilization with biology." The thought is that SpudCell could serve as a tiny factory, pumping out medicines, fertilizers, plastics or any number of other compounds.

The work's announcement has sparked some controversy, with some scientists seeing it as a ploy to gain media attention for the simultaneous launch of the author's nonprofit Biotic , which aims to raise money to further develop the SpudCell platform. Adamala does not take umbrage to that criticism, as she is keen to bring more attention and funding to her field. If a synthetic cell can be perfected, she thinks, it could help humanity generate chemicals without relying as heavily on petroleum products.

"I feel this incredible stressful urgency that if we don't get to work on it now, then we're going to run out of time," she said, referring to the climate crisis . "We need to highlight that bioengineering can offer a solution. That's why I'm doing it."

A synthetic cell and a big promise

According to the preprint, Adamala and her team produced a lifelike system that closely resembles a living cell. To do so, they combined 36 purified enzymes and a fatty membrane with a pared-back genome about 50 times smaller than that of an average bacterial cell. By mixing these human-made elements together, the scientists generated a cell that could feed, grow, and divide — so, in essence, they created a full cell cycle in a petri dish.

"We built a cell-like system that is fully chemically defined, so there are no unknown building blocks in it," Adamala said. "It's capable of doing things that people up until now used to think only natural living cells can do." They call the system "SpudCell" because it looks similar to a potato, The New York Times reported . The name is also a nod to the Sputnik satellite, per CNN .

The concept of recreating the cell cycle in a dish is not entirely new . The J. Craig Venter Institute's 2016 "minimal cell" paper flirted with the concept by stripping as many genes from a bacterium as possible to leave only a minimal cell that could still replicate. However, the new study is the first time scientists have achieved feeding, growing and division using a "bottom-up" approach.

The work marks "a great advancement," said Mauro Rinaldi , a lecturer in biotechnology and biochemistry at the University of Hull in the U.K. who was not involved in the work. "It moves the needle because one of the key things about cells is division."

But there are important caveats. For one, the cells cannot yet create their own energy as our cells do with mitochondria. They also rely on externally provided fats, sugars and enzymes. The cells cannot make their own ribosomes, the machinery that turns genetic instructions into working parts of the cell. That means it relies on proteins being delivered from the outside.

Left: A super-resolution image of SpudCell's liposomes with an encapsulated genome and active protein expression. Right: A SpudCell encapsulates a whole genome. The DNA of the genome and the synthetic cell membrane are stained with fluorescent dyes. (Image credit: Orion Venero, Adamala Lab) Another difference is that SpudCell's genome is spread out over bits of DNA called plasmids, rather than being neatly packaged in chromosomes. It does not possess the skeleton that cells typically use to neatly split DNA during cell division, so consequently, the division of SpudCell's DNA to its daughter cells can be somewhat haphazard.

"The description of the results leaves me with substantial technical questions regarding the nature and the robustness of the findings," said Cees Dekker , a biophysicist at the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands who was not involved in the work. "[Its] approach uses some ingenious engineering tricks as shortcuts to achieve complex functions such as growth, but a major challenge remains to create a truly autonomous cell that executes all these functions without external help," he said.

Dekker is among the scientists who would have preferred that the research made the news after being published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. "If these findings are solid, that great media attention is definitely warranted; if peer review would, however, reveal weaknesses or issues, all the current media reporting is premature," he argued.

From cell to manufacturing platform

Adamala sees SpudCell as a blank slate for engineering. "We believe that if we make a cell from scratch, that's fully engineerable," she said.

Cells have long been used to produce chemicals for human use. Millions of people use synthetic insulin made in bacteria and yeast cells, for example. But cells resist making chemicals that could be harmful to them, and through evolution, they've developed systems to prevent them from doing so. A SpudCell-like system could circumvent those natural hurdles, Adamala and her colleagues think.

That kind of platform could also be useful for making newer generations of medicines, such as those based on mRNA or peptides. These drugs use molecular building blocks, like amino acids or nucleotides, that have been chemically tweaked to make the molecules more stable or harder for the body to break down. SpudCell could be engineered to produce such modified components directly, rather than scientists having to synthesize them in traditional chemistry labs. This could potentially shorten development timelines and lower costs, the team thinks.

Adamala and her colleagues also envision the cells being used as easily shippable laboratories . They could be dried out, shipped, stored without refrigeration, and then activated on-site to make chemicals, vaccines or proteins when and where they are needed.

But there's still a long road ahead. For now, SpudCell is only a proof of principle, and many hurdles must be addressed before it could become an industrial platform.

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"[SpudCell] is not an engineering platform that can give you any useful product, but it's step one," Adamala said. "It's probably at least a couple of decades from now when we can actually scale it up to the point where we can replace all the petrochemicals with biology, but I do believe it's doable."

Adamala hopes the nonprofit Biotic will help funnel donations from philanthropists directly to research. "Biotic is a funding agency that is going to globally fund this work," she said.

While the technology is promising, "it needs to go through peer review," Rinaldi said. "I expect a lot of the hype and some of the terms that they're using to go away after a couple of years have passed."

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Virginia is the first state to launch a statewide speed-limiter program.

Washington, D.C. adopted similar technology before Virginia did.

Judges can order the devices instead of suspending some drivers’ licenses.

Drivers in Virginia caught speeding or driving recklessly now have a new way to avoid losing their license. As of July 1, judges can order certain offenders to install Intelligent Speed Assistance (ISA), a technology that uses GPS data and speed-limit information to prevent further acceleration once a vehicle reaches the posted limit. Virginia is the first state in the nation to launch a statewide court-ordered ISA program, a distinction that could make it a model for similar efforts elsewhere.

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We’ve reported on efforts to make this technology more widespread across the USA . Virginia is notable as the first state to actually pass and enact the law. Washington D.C., passed a similar law in 2024 and launched it last year. Washington State also passed a similar law but won’t enact it until 2029.

More: AI Cameras Read 20 Billion License Plates A Month. Now Cities Are Turning On Them

Maryland is working on its own rollout as well. What makes Virginia unique is scale and implementation. According to officials involved with the program, Virginia is the first state to fully implement a statewide court-ordered ISA program that judges can begin using immediately.

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How The Technology Works

The technology, mostly supplied by a company called LifeSaver, doesn’t slam on the brakes or shut down the vehicle. Instead, it functions like a dynamic speed governor that limits additional acceleration once the vehicle reaches the legal speed threshold. “It prevents further acceleration once the vehicle reaches the local speed limit,” said Michael Travars, president of LifeSafer ISA, to 13 News .

Drivers convicted of extreme speeding offenses, including those caught traveling above 100 mph (161 km/h), can be ordered into the program rather than facing a traditional license suspension.

Photos: Lifesaver ISA Devices

Supporters argue the technology could save lives by targeting a relatively small group of chronic speeders who account for a disproportionate share of dangerous crashes. Critics, meanwhile, see it as another step toward greater electronic control over vehicles and driver behavior.

Notably, D.C. hasn’t released any data on how effective or otherwise the technology has been since its implementation. Regardless, Virginia is now serving as the nation’s largest test case. If the program succeeds, don’t be surprised if more states decide that speed governors belong in courtrooms alongside fines, points, and license suspensions.

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The latest mass layoff at Xbox will see roughly 3,200 people lose their jobs —1,600 today, and 1,600 more over the next fiscal year—and four game studios turned loose into the forest: Compulsion and Double Fine as independents, Ninja Theory and Undead Labs under new ownership. It's bad no matter how you look at it, a reflection of flailing leadership at Microsoft and a dreadful state of affairs for the game industry as a whole.

The bloodletting has inspired a range of reactions across the internet—and yes, there is a small subset of the gaming population celebrating what it sees as a victory of 'real gamers' over some imaginary ideology that holds too many game studios in its grasp.

For the most part, though, the responses are shocked, sorrowful, angry, and even among those who insist these cuts were necessary, filled with regret.

Griffin DeClaire, who was laid off from Bethesda Game Studios today, said the cut came as a complete surprise because he was just told he'd be getting a raise. "I really don't know what my next steps are," DeClaire wrote on LinkedIn.

Arkane founder Raphael Colantonio, who left the company in 2017 and now heads up WolfEye Studios, embraced a bit of dark humor in response to Sharma's statement:

(Image credit: Raphael Colantonio (Twitter)) We initially thought that Obsidian, which isn't mentioned in Sharma's announcement, had escaped the axe, but that later proved to be false: Narrative lead Kate Dollarhyde said on Bluesky that the studio "lost many excellent developers and wonderful people" in the layoffs.

Among those let go was Daniel Alpert , who joined the studio in 2005—just two years after it was founded—and most recently served as art director on The Outer Worlds games.

Alpert said he was grateful for having spent more than two decades at Obsidian but added, "We are clearly at a turning point in the games industry. These past months have been difficult for so many talented people, and unfortunately, it seems the challenges aren't over yet."

Larian's publishing head Michael Douse was as surprised as any of us to discover that through all these years, Xbox did not have a chief operating officer.

(Image credit: Michael Douse (Twitter)) Gloomwood developer Dillon Rogers pointed out the incongruity between Sharma's stated commitment to Bethesda's biggest franchises, and gutting the studios that make them:

(Image credit: Dillon Rogers (Twitter)) Mike Kern, who was laid off after nearly 14 years at ZeniMax Online Studios, noted the obvious difficulty that many in his position don't talk about publicly: The videogame industry simply cannot reabsorb all these people. Talent is going to be lost on a massive scale.

Dan Callan, a former designer who was let go amidst last week's layoffs at that company, reflected on the deep and inescapable shittiness of pre-announcing 1,600 layoffs that will happen over the next fiscal year.

This was the best part about the last year of Bungie, through multiple layoff cycles it was a daily battle between survivor’s guilt and waiting for the other shoe to dropI would reiterate people will not make a good video game under these conditions but that assumes any of these ghouls care

— @danjamin.bsky.social ( @danjamin.bsky.social.bsky.social ) 2026-07-06T22:08:18.292Z

Jason Schreier of Bloomberg shared the same sentiment, saying that Blizzard employees are being left hanging until further notice.

Case in point: the staff of Blizzard Entertainment were told today that they won't hear how the reorganization impacts them until "further communications"

— @jasonschreier.bsky.social ( @jasonschreier.bsky.social.bsky.social ) 2026-07-06T22:08:18.063Z

Others pointed out that the cuts come as Microsoft continues to pour billions of dollars into a pursuit of AI that seems to be growing increasingly desperate, including notable AI industry critic Ed Zitron , who had some harsh words for all involved:

(Image credit: Ed Zitron (Twitter)) This sounds insane until you remember that Microsoft is ALL IN on Ai. These folks believe most of us will be out of work in the next 5 years, drawing from UBI. What will we do with all that time? XBox hopes we'll spend our time & money with them. Dystopian thinking.www.pcgamer.com/gaming-indus...

— @crobertcargill.bsky.social ( @crobertcargill.bsky.social.bsky.social ) 2026-07-06T22:08:18.814Z

Sure Microsoft may have fired thousands of people and gutted its games division but at least it had more money to pour into Copilot, the 4th most popular AI, a product nobody wants or likes except rich executives, that is constantly losing horrendous amounts of money

— @oldpappythomas.bsky.social ( @oldpappythomas.bsky.social.bsky.social ) 2026-07-06T22:08:18.503Z

But AI-focused employees aren't immune: Kevin Flynn, a commerce growth and AI product manager who said he'd increased "PM AI adoption from 12% to 91% in 3 months by building a PM specific AI harness," revealed on LinkedIn that he'd been let go.

"The last four years have been brutal in the industry," Epic Games lead level designer Scott Maclean said in his own post about the layoffs. " I’ve not seen anything like this in my 25 year career. I keep expecting it to normalize, to balance out, but that seems to not be the case."

Keith D. Boney, a former user researcher at Bethesda whose entire team was impacted by today's layoffs, shared a similar thought, writing that "this recurring trend in the Games industry is one that is extremely detrimental to psychological safety , let alone fiscal stability."

There's more, of course, but the inherent absurdity of supposedly serious executives talking nonsense about entertaining "more than a billion people each day," which PC Gamer's Harvey Randall aptly described as " delusional ," has a way of making it all feel a bit futile .

Layoffs like this, which have become par for the course since Microsoft swallowed up Activision Blizzard in 2024, are outrageous and heartbreaking, and there has to be a better way. But as we careen from " never looked stronger " to "our business today is not healthy" over the course of a single year—both of them resulting in layoffs—I find myself wondering if we're ever going to find it, or if we're just going to keep howling into the social media void until there's nothing left.

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The U.S. just celebrated its 250th birthday, and Americans living off the planet had a great view of some of the parties down below.

"The International Space Station orbited over Los Angeles on July 4th as America marked 250 years of independence with a burst of fireworks lighting up the city below — a celebration so bright it reached all the way to space!" NASA officials said on Monday (July 6) via the agency's ISS X account.

That post featured a 15-second video captured from the orbiting lab, which showed hundreds of firework shows flickering across the L.A. area at night like cameras flashing in quick succession at a concert or a football game.

The International Space Station orbited over Los Angeles on July 4th as America marked 250 years of independence with a burst of fireworks lighting up the city below — a celebration so bright it reached all the way to space! pic.twitter.com/SMCXTFYRjD July 6, 2026

There are seven people living in Earth orbit at the moment, members of the ISS' current Expedition 74. Three are Americans: NASA astronauts Jack Hathaway, Jessica Meir and Chris Williams, all of whom serve as flight engineers.

The others are the European Space Agency 's Sophie Adenot and cosmonauts Andrey Fedyaev, Sergey Kud-Sverchkov and Sergei Mikaev. Kud-Sverchkov is Expedition 74's commander, while Adenot, Fedyaev and Mikaev are flight engineers.

NASA didn't just passively observe celebrations of the United States' 250th birthday; the agency marked the occasion in multiple ways as well.

For example, NASA painted big "America 250" logos on the Space Launch System rocket that launched the Artemis 2 astronauts around the moon this past April. The four Artemis 2 crewmates also wore special patches commemorating the anniversary.

In addition, NASA conducted a series of airplane flyovers in the Washington, D.C. area over the July 4 weekend and will perform more in the coming weeks and months. You can learn more about the agency's anniversary activities in this Space.com story .

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Deep in a limestone cave on Turkey's Mediterranean coast, archaeologists have uncovered evidence that Neanderthals and the modern humans who moved in later left behind surprisingly similar traces of their daily lives — evidence that they hunted the same animals, crafted the same stone tools and collected the same type of seashells.

The findings, published Monday (July 6) in the journal PNAS , feed into some of the biggest questions in human evolution: How similar were the cultures of Neanderthals and Homo sapiens , given that we're so closely related? And did we share information with one another?

A series of archaeological finds over the past few decades, including the new paper's finding that the two had similar cultural practices, suggests that Neanderthals and H. sapiens behaved far more similarly in the Middle East than once assumed.

The new evidence comes from Üçağızlı II Cave (pronounced Ooch-ah-UHZ'-luh), on a stretch of coastline just north of Syria that served as a prehistoric corridor between the Levant (an area of land east of the Mediterranean) and Eurasia. Although the team found only teeth and a partial jawbone within the cave, they were able to distinguish between the remains of Neanderthals and H. sapiens by analyzing the internal structure of the fossilized teeth. Meanwhile, they dated the sediment at the site using optically stimulated luminescence, a technique that reveals how long ago buried mineral grains last saw sunlight.

The team found that the Neanderthals had lived within the cave between approximately 77,000 and 59,000 years ago, while H. sapiens stayed there between about 59,000 and 47,000 years ago. Despite the different time periods, the layers from both of these periods show "substantially uniform hunting-gathering strategies and lithic technology," showing how similar the Neanderthals and H. sapiens were in their hunting-gathering strategies and stone-tool use, the team wrote in the study.

The research team performs excavations at the Üçağızlı II cave site in 2024. (Image credit: KyotoU/Naoki Morimoto) What's more, Neanderthals and H. sapiens got raw materials, such as flint, from the same local sources and hunted the same prey: wild goats ( Capra aegagrus ), fallow deer ( Dama mesopotamica ), roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ) and wild boar ( Sus scrofa ). Layer after layer also turned up 29 shells of a small marine snail, Columbella rustica , carried into the cave not for food but seemingly as ornaments. Some were pierced as if meant to be strung, and one shell dating to the Neanderthal occupation showed signs of deliberate heating that altered its color.

"Our findings indicate a deep level of cultural interaction," study co-author Naoki Morimoto , paleoanthropologist at Kyoto University, said in a statement . "These two distinct but closely related human groups were not just adapting to the same environment: they were probably sharing symbolic preferences."

That pattern breaks from findings at Mandrin Cave in France, where Neanderthals and modern humans are thought to have alternated occupation in distinct pulses from about 56,800 and 41,500 years ago, but did not leave evidence of a continuous culture. Instead, it echoes evidence from Tinshemet Cave in Israel, where researchers recently reported similar signs of shared behavior between the two groups tens of thousands of years earlier, from about 130,000 to 80,000 years ago.

A view of Turkey's Üçağızlı II Cave, which housed Neanderthals and Homo sapiens at different times. (Image credit: KyotoU/Naoki Morimoto) Üçağızlı II Cave in Turkey and Tinshemet Cave in Israel suggest that even though there was a "biological" turnover as the caves went from being occupied by Neanderthal groups to modern humans, there weren't major cultural turnovers, too.

"Rather, we hypothesize that the two human species that coexisted in the region were in contact and shared cultural aspects," the researchers wrote in the study.

"A fascinating region"

Sites like these are forcing a rethink of how these two types of human were culturally related to each other, April Nowell , a Paleolithic archaeologist at the University of Victoria in Canada who was not involved in the new study, told Live Science in an email. "By demonstrating cultural continuity and elevated levels of interaction, sites such as Tinshemet and Üçağızlı II are changing what we thought we knew about Neandertals, Homo sapiens and other contemporary Homo groups … a fascinating region just got even more so!" she said.

But that cultural continuity only heightens the mystery of how modern humans and Neanderthals interacted, with Neanderthals eventually going extinct around 40,000 years ago. Two types of human can't occupy the same ecological niche indefinitely, Nowell noted, and some research into Neanderthal cognition suggests Neanderthals were less-flexible thinkers than modern humans, with more limited capacity for language and less of the kind of self-awareness and creativity that may have given H. sapiens an edge. (However, there is pushback against the idea that Neanderthals weren't as cognitively complex as H. sapiens .)

If the archaeological record at sites like Üçağızlı II shows this much overlap in behavior, Nowell said, the real differences between the two may be ones the fossil record simply hasn't revealed yet.

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The authors noted that many big questions remain, including when and where these shared cultural practices took place and whether these cultural similarities happened because modern humans mated with Neanderthals .

Ongoing and future excavations at sites like Üçağızlı II Cave may help to answer these questions and build a "more comprehensive picture of human evolution and cultural development during the Late Pleistocene ," the team wrote in the study.

How much do you know about our closest relatives? Find out with our Neanderthal quiz!