N4-acetylcytidine boosts synthetic mRNA translation yield and accuracy

A study published on 1 July 2026 in Nature found that the RNA modification N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) improves both the yield and fidelity of translation of in vitro transcribed mRNAs compared to the current industry standard, N1-methylpseudouridine. Different RNA modifications produce different translation elongation rates, resulting in varying outputs and accuracy. The findings could inform the development of more effective mRNA therapies, including vaccines.

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